Take two modes of cognition that are completely arbitrary and clustered into antipodal groups. One is a sense based group that relies on scientific methodology and resourcing experimentation for validation of fact. Nonphysical sensation as in measurable and therefore limited by measurements. The other bases fact on feelings and impressions, observing something and understanding what it means by how it relates to them personally. Nonphysical feeling as in using the appearance of things and associations of those appearances with emotions. An idea then has two functions. In sense reasoning it is an abstraction of a thing that is attached to previous data collated from external sources, defined by how it relates to a function of the thing within whatever context it is embedded. In reasoning through feeling, an idea gathers its identity from immediate observations that relate almost entirely to an internal construct of a thing based on how perception is extrapolated from an individual's mind. The relation of this duality of perception to the duality of thought is made possible by each person and how their life experiences cumulate to the generalization of favoring one form of cognition over the other, on an individual basis.
An example of two chairs can be used to suggest that the separate objects are equally real in at least two ways by necessity due to there being two different chairs and two different ways to define the realness of each chair. The analysis of these two types of realness, or truths, can be directed by differentiating the chairs themselves or focusing on what constitutes an idea of what a chair actually is. Felt realness can be determined by the type of material used and how the chair was manufactured, how the light reflects off its various components, the texture, linked with understanding how the shape of each would translate to comfort and all other uniquely subjective understandings. Sensed realness in contrast seems to be an objective way of understanding through accumulated experimental fact of molecular bonds and physical phenomena in the historical context that such a shape is a chair. Importantly for the method of cognition by sensing is the assertion that both chairs are formed by electromagnetic activity, but this does not factually relate to the scaled immensity of spaces between atomica. At the core of sensing, the chair's realness is its macroscopic solidness and intended function: it would be a place to sit. In effect all ways of determining the realness of the chair are correct.
The duality separating sensation and feeling has been intentionally forced. A full spectra of different or combinatory realness exists between the antipodal groups, but that level of holism doesn't provide enough polarization for a comparative evaluation of cognitive grouping. Once groups are defined, definitions may be shifted to suit multifaceted perception and lived experience. The above primarily constitutes a framework for understanding distinctiveness. We all have the potential to utilize both modes of experiential integration via perception, but largely, truth is described in binary terms and can therefore be considered as being distinct from reality. Each chair is none of the things it can be described as being because any description of its realness or truth cannot by default contain the entirety of all possible descriptions. The truth of a chair is limited by what understanding can be transmitted about it. Cognition itself becomes the progenitor of an idea of what that truth is, forcing a limitation of the facts that may be used for communication.
Substitute the idea of a chair with any other idea.
